Encyclopedia Entry: 74C221

Product Overview

Category

The 74C221 is a digital integrated circuit (IC) belonging to the category of flip-flops.

Use

This IC is primarily used for storing and manipulating binary data in electronic circuits. It can be employed in various applications such as counters, registers, and memory units.

Characteristics

• The 74C221 is a dual positive-edge triggered D-type flip-flop.
• It operates on a wide range of supply voltages, typically between 2V and 6V.
• The IC has a compact package size, making it suitable for space-constrained designs.
• It offers excellent noise immunity and high-speed operation.

Package

The 74C221 is commonly available in a 14-pin dual in-line package (DIP). This package type facilitates easy integration into circuit boards and allows for efficient heat dissipation.

Essence

The essence of the 74C221 lies in its ability to store and retain binary information through its flip-flop functionality. It provides a stable output state based on the input signals received.

Packaging/Quantity

The 74C221 is typically sold in reels or tubes containing multiple ICs. The exact quantity may vary depending on the manufacturer and supplier.

Specifications

• Supply Voltage Range: 2V to 6V
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 25 MHz
• Output Drive Capability: 10 TTL Loads

Detailed Pin Configuration

The 74C221 features a total of 14 pins, each serving a specific purpose. The pin configuration is as follows:

1. Clear (CLR)
2. Data Input (D)
3. Clock Input (CLK)
4. Complementary Output (Q̅)
5. Output (Q)
6. Ground (GND)
7. Set (SET)
8. Enable (EN)
9. Data Input (D)
10. Clock Input (CLK)
11. Complementary Output (Q̅)
12. Output (Q)
13. VCC
14. Set (SET)

Functional Features

The key functional features of the 74C221 include:

• Positive-edge triggering: The flip-flop captures and stores data on the rising edge of the clock signal.
• Asynchronous clear and set inputs: These inputs allow for immediate resetting or setting of the flip-flop output, regardless of the clock state.
• Complementary outputs: The IC provides both normal (Q) and inverted (Q̅) outputs, offering flexibility in circuit design.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• Wide supply voltage range allows compatibility with various systems.
• High-speed operation enables efficient data processing.
• Compact package size facilitates integration into space-constrained designs.
• Excellent noise immunity ensures reliable performance in noisy environments.

Disadvantages

• Limited output drive capability may restrict its use in certain applications requiring higher current sourcing/sinking capabilities.
• Lack of additional advanced features compared to more modern flip-flop ICs.

Working Principles

The 74C221 operates based on the principles of positive-edge triggered D-type flip-flops. It stores binary information by capturing the input data (D) at the rising edge of the clock signal (CLK). The stored data is then available at the output pins (Q and Q̅).

Detailed Application Field Plans

The 74C221 finds application in various electronic circuits, including but not limited to: - Digital counters - Shift registers - Memory units - Control circuits - Timing circuits

Alternative Models

Several alternative models with similar functionality are available in the market. Some notable alternatives to the 74C221 include: - 74HC221 - 74LS221 - CD4027

These alternative models offer similar flip-flop functionality and can be used as substitutes depending on specific design requirements.

In conclusion, the 74C221 is a versatile digital IC belonging to the flip-flop category. Its compact size, wide supply voltage range, and high-speed operation make it suitable for various applications in digital electronics. While it may have limitations in terms of output drive capability and lack of advanced features, it remains a reliable choice for basic data storage and manipulation tasks.